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Objectives: Inactivity in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) results in low physical fitness, cardiopulmonary endurance and poor quality of life. Sports participation is known to enhance physical fitness. Therefore, the present study evaluated effect of a structured, 12-week MGM Sports Intervention for Sports Intervention Program for SCI (SPISI) on physical fitness and throw-ball performance in individuals with SCI. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at MGM School of Physiotherapy and Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation centre in Navi Mumbai, India. Following ethical approval, 15 individuals with SCI (80% males and 20% females mean age 33.1 ± 7.2 years) were recruited. Upper-extremity explosive power (medicine-ball-throw), agility (t-test), cardiorespiratory endurance (incremental shuttle wheelchair propulsion test) and ball-throwing capacity (maximal-pass test) were evaluated pre- and post-12-week sports intervention programme (SPISI). The protocol involved strength training of upper extremity training at 50% 1 repetition maximum and participation in throw-ball sport. Results: Following training, increase in upper extremity explosive power (11%), cardiopulmonary endurance (5%), agility (8%) and ball-throwing capacity in distance (7%) (P < 0.05) was observed. The large effect size was observed for sports performance (maximal-pass test distance-Cohen’s d 1.261), moderate for cardiorespiratory endurance (incremental wheelchair propulsion test distance Cohen’s d 0.517) and upper extremity explosive power (medicine-ball throw distance 0.593). Increment in all outcome variables was greater than minimal clinically important difference. Conclusion: Sports intervention programme (SPISI) for 12 weeks brought about minimal clinically important difference in upper-extremity explosive power, agility, cardiorespiratory endurance and sport-specific performance and should be included as an integral component of rehabilitation of individuals with SCI.
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Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and summarize the best evidence of exercise reversal intervention in the elderly with cognitive frailty, and to provide evidence for guiding exercise in elderly patients.Methods:This study was a summary of evidence-based nursing evidence. Based on the PIPOST (P: Population; I: Intervention; P: Professional; O: Outcome; S: Setting; T: Type of evidence) mode, the evidence of exercise reversal intervention in the elderly with cognitive frailty in 25 relevant guideline network and association websites, Chinese and foreign language comprehensive databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Internet and others were searched, extracted and integrated. The retrieval time was from January 1, 2013 to February 14, 2022.Results:A total of 22 articles were included, including 3 guidelines, 2 expert consensuses, 1 clinical decision-making, 1 evidence summary, 9 Meta analysis, and 6 randomized controlled trials. Finally, 28 pieces of the best evidence including 7 dimensions were namely formulate principles,overall assessment, exercise mode, exercise intensity, exercise time and frequency, exercise management, health guidance.Conclusions:This study summarized the best evidence of exercise intervention in the elderly with cognitive frailty, which are systematic, comprehensive, rigorous, and reliable. It can provide references for healthcare administrators to dynamically evaluate patients′cognitive frailty status, formulate personalized exercise programs, and standardize exercise guidance for patients, so as to delay or even reverse cognitive frailty.
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With the aggravation of the aging process of the global population, the prevalence rate of sarcopenia is increasing year by year, which has become an important risk factor threatening the health of the elderly and affecting their quality of life. Currently, drug treatment is still in the stage of clinical trials, and nutritional and exercise interventions remain the mainstay of prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Nutritional supplementation can help improve malnutrition and chronic inflammation, increase the synthesis rate of muscle protein, overcome age-related anabolic resistance, and maintain muscle mass and strength. Physical exercise has a positive effect on muscle quality, increasing muscle mass, strength and function, and improving mobility. This study aims to review the effects of nutritional supplementation and exercise interventions on the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of clinical guidelines for nutrition and exercise interventions in the treatment of sarcopenia.
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Objective:To explore the effects of low-calorie diet intervention and aerobic exercise intervention on insulin levels and body composition in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:A total of 300 obese patients with early type 2 diabetes who were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Endocrinology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from July 2016 to July 2019 were selected as the research objects. According to the random sampling method, they were divided into a control group and an observation group with 150 cases each. Calorie diet intervention was given to control group, while the observation group was given low-calorie diet intervention and concentrated aerobic exercise intervention. Observation and evaluation of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, body weight, triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were conducted.Results:After 4 weeks of intervention, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, BMI, body fat percentage, body mass, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C indicators of the observation group were (6.15±0.92) mmol/L and (14.12±1.11) mU/L, 2.67±0.32, (25.01±1.75) kg/m 2, (27.45±1.92)%, (70.01±3.56) kg, (3.01±0.30) mmol/L, (5.25±0.88) mmol/L, (2.25 ±0.42) mmol/L, (3.15±0.41) mmol/L. The control group were (8.18±1.28) mmol/L, (16.78±1.85) mU/L, 3.78±0.78, (27.36±2.45) kg/m 2, (29.78±2.39)%, (72.98±5.62) kg, (3.49±0.52) mmol/L, (6.23±1.08) mmol/L, (1.88±0.30) mmol/L, (3.98±0.89)mmol/L. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t values were 5.47-16.13, all P<0.05). After 8 weeks of intervention, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, BMI, body fat percentage, body mass, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C indicators of the observation were (5.06±0.45) mmol/L, (12.78±0.69) mU/L, 2.01±0.12, (23.25±1.18) kg/m 2, (25.05±1.19)%, (66.02±2.45) kg, (2.21±0.12) mmol/L, (4.03±0.41) mmol/L, (3.08 ±0.72) mmol/L, (2.65±0.15) mmol/L,while in the control group were (6.07±0.88) mmol/L, (14.09±1.05) mU/L, 2.95±0.45, (26.98±2.08) kg/m2, (27.18±2.06)%, (70.98±4.02) kg, (2.98±0.28) mmol/L, (5.16±0.71) mmol/L, (2.41±0.51) mmol/L, (3.29±0.39) mmol/L. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t values were 5.47-30.96, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Low-calorie diet intervention combined with concentrated aerobic exercise intervention is more conducive to improving patients′ blood sugar and blood lipid levels, as well as reducing body weight.
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Objective To analyze the research focuses and frontiers of exercise intervention on breast cancer patients. Methods We collected 7134 pieces of literature about exercise intervention on breast cancer in the Web of Science Core Collection database in recent five years, and CiteSpaceⅤ was used to conduct visual knowledge map analysis and generate a visual map including discipline distribution, country or region distribution, keyword co-occurrence or highlighting, keyword timeline maps, etc. Results In recent years, the domain of exercise intervention on breast cancer has achieved rapid development. The disciplines were mainly cardiovascular system and cardiology as well as oncology. Countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Italy ranked in the first places with regard to the number of papers. The body mass index and the quality of life betweeness centrality were respectively 0.81 and 0.52, which played an important role in the knowledge map. The keyword highlighting map and the timeline map showed that cardiac toxicity was a research focus in this domain. Conclusion The research focuses of exercise intervention on breast cancer are mainly cardiovascular and related fields, in a rapid development stage. Future research directions include weight control, quality of life and cardiac toxicity.
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Frailty is one of the most common clinical geriatric syndromes and has become a hot topic in the geriatric field in recent years.Frailty can confer an increased risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, hospitalization and even death.Therefore, timely diagnosis and intervention of frailty is of great practical significance for improving the health status of the elderly and alleviating the burden on the social and medical service systems.This article reviews mechanisms, types and effects of exercise intervention measures and summarizes research progress on exercise intervention in the elderly with frailty, in order to provide a reference for future research on exercise intervention for frailty.
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Objective:To explore the effects of smoking on lung function and physical fitness of college students.Method:168 college students on September 30, 2020 were selected as the research subjects by convenient sampling. According to whether they had been smoking for more than 3 years in the past or (and) now, they were divided into smoking group (66 cases, 39.3%) and non-smoking group (102 cases, 60.7%). The general demographic data, body composition, health fitness and lung function of all the included subjects were collected, and the health status of the two groups were compared, the relationship between lung function and healthy physical fitness in the smoking group was analyzed, and the influencing factors of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1) and expiratory vital capacity (EVC) were also analyzed. Results:The peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) of male college students in smoking group was lower than that of non-smoking group [(9.37±1.72) vs (10.04±1.69) L/s] ( F=5.051, P=0.026). The standing time with eyes closed and one foot of smoking group was longer than that of non-smoking group [(87.2±49.1) vs (63.6±39.7) s] ( F=9.327, P=0.003). The number of sit ups per minute of female college students in smoking group was less than that in non-smoking group [(39.5±7.5) vs (49.2±12.5) times/min] ( F=5.189, P=0.029). The peak inspiratory flow rate (PIF), FVC, FEV 1, EVC and PEF in the smoking group were positively correlated with grip strength, back muscle strength, number of sit ups, push ups, standing high jump and standing long jump ( P<0.001); through the analysis of relevant data, the estimation formula of lung function and health fitness items was obtained. Conclusion:Smoking is harmful to college students′ lung function and physical fitness.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of aerobic combined stretching exercise during dialysis on the severity of restless legs syndrome(RLS), quality of life and sleep quality in hemodialysis (HD) patients.Methods:A total of 63 HD patients with RLS who were admitted to the Hemodialysis Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from March 2018 to March 2019 were selected as research objects. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the observation group (32 cases) and the control group (31 cases). Patients in the control group were given conventional nursing methods while patients in the observation group were given the aerobic combined stretching exercise during dialysis. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale (IRLS) Kidney Disease Quality of Life, (KDQOL-36 TM), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and blood chemistry were used to evaluate the effect of exercise on HD patients with RLS. Results:After intervention, the observation group ′s IRLS scores was 12.19±4.48, lower than the control group (17.87±3.91), the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 3.021, P<0.05). The scores of physical health, mental health, kidney burden, symptoms and discomfort, effects of kidney disease in KDQOL-36 TM of the observation group were 44.56±6.64, 46.12±4.95, 19.92±15.91, 87.59±5.65, 64.55±13.20, higher than the control group (37.43±4.81, 41.81±4.87,12.10±14.87, 78.83±7.96, 55.45±15.52), the differences were statistically significant ( t values were -5.027--2.015, P<0.05). The PSQI total score was 8.94±2.54, lower than that of the control group (13.13±1.31), the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 8.271, P<0.05). The blood phosphorus was (1.80±0.48) mmol/L in the observation group, lower than (2.04±0.34) mmol/L in the control group, and hemoglobin, blood calcium [(105.31±13.58) g/L, (2.26±0.20) mg/L] were higher than those in the control group[(99.52±8.21) g/L, (2.05±0.29) mg/L], the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.275, -2.042, -3.325, P<0.05). Conclusions:The aerobic combined stretching exercise during dialysis relieves the symptom of RLS, improves the sleeping quality and quality of life.
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Objective To systematically identify, describe, and evaluate research evidence related to exercise intervention in patients with depression through the evidence mapping method. Methods Related studies on exercise intervention for patients with depression were searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, VIP, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and PubMed from inception to July, 2021. The quality of the studies was assessed using the risk of bias (RoB) tool recommended by the Cochrane Handbook Version 5.1.0 and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review-2 (AMSTAR-2). Based on World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs) framework, an evidence mapping framework was established, using EPPI software and Microsoft Excel 2019 tools for data extraction and coding, and using bubble charts to comprehensively present the research population, intervention categories, original research sample size, and the number of studies included in the systematic review/meta-analysis, conclusion classification and other information. Results A total of 101 randomized controlled trials and 52 systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included. The randomized controlled trials involved three types of intervention strategies with 15 different interventions, mainly including unspecified exercise intervention (28, 27.72%) and yoga intervention (19, 18.81%). The main research outcomes included b1. Global mental functions (92, 91.09%) and d9. Community, social and civic life (19, 18.81%). Among the three types of intervention strategies, rehabilitation accounted for the highest proportion, with 47 studies in total, accounting for 46.53%. The main research population was patients with other specified depression (19, 40.42%), such as patients with major depression and elderly depression. Forty-six research conclusions (97.87%) were classified as "beneficial" or "probably beneficial". In 52 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, nine interventions were involved, mainly including unspecified exercise intervention (17, 32.69%) and yoga intervention (12, 23.08%). The main study outcomes included b1. Global mental functions (41, 78.85%) and adverse reactions (12, 23.08%). Among the three types of intervention strategies, the treatment type accounted for the highest proportion, with a total of 34 studies, accounting for 65.38%. The study population was mainly patients with other specific depression (27, 79.41%), such as adult depression and pregnant women with depression, 28 (82.35%) of the research conclusions were classified as "beneficial" or " probably beneficial". At the same time, the intervention environment/background was mainly outpatient and inpatient environment. Conclusion Exercise intervention may be beneficial for patients with depression. However, the effectiveness of walking, cycling, Qigong, resistance training, and sports game interventions, the optimal intervention duration or intensity, and the adverse effects of the intervention, still need to be further explored by high-quality study in the future.
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Objective To systematically identify, describe, and evaluate research evidence related to exercise intervention in patients with depression through the evidence mapping method. Methods Related studies on exercise intervention for patients with depression were searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, VIP, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and PubMed from inception to July, 2021. The quality of the studies was assessed using the risk of bias (RoB) tool recommended by the Cochrane Handbook Version 5.1.0 and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Review-2 (AMSTAR-2). Based on World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs) framework, an evidence mapping framework was established, using EPPI software and Microsoft Excel 2019 tools for data extraction and coding, and using bubble charts to comprehensively present the research population, intervention categories, original research sample size, and the number of studies included in the systematic review/meta-analysis, conclusion classification and other information. Results A total of 101 randomized controlled trials and 52 systematic reviews/meta-analyses were included. The randomized controlled trials involved three types of intervention strategies with 15 different interventions, mainly including unspecified exercise intervention (28, 27.72%) and yoga intervention (19, 18.81%). The main research outcomes included b1. Global mental functions (92, 91.09%) and d9. Community, social and civic life (19, 18.81%). Among the three types of intervention strategies, rehabilitation accounted for the highest proportion, with 47 studies in total, accounting for 46.53%. The main research population was patients with other specified depression (19, 40.42%), such as patients with major depression and elderly depression. Forty-six research conclusions (97.87%) were classified as "beneficial" or "probably beneficial". In 52 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, nine interventions were involved, mainly including unspecified exercise intervention (17, 32.69%) and yoga intervention (12, 23.08%). The main study outcomes included b1. Global mental functions (41, 78.85%) and adverse reactions (12, 23.08%). Among the three types of intervention strategies, the treatment type accounted for the highest proportion, with a total of 34 studies, accounting for 65.38%. The study population was mainly patients with other specific depression (27, 79.41%), such as adult depression and pregnant women with depression, 28 (82.35%) of the research conclusions were classified as "beneficial" or " probably beneficial". At the same time, the intervention environment/background was mainly outpatient and inpatient environment. Conclusion Exercise intervention may be beneficial for patients with depression. However, the effectiveness of walking, cycling, Qigong, resistance training, and sports game interventions, the optimal intervention duration or intensity, and the adverse effects of the intervention, still need to be further explored by high-quality study in the future.
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Sarcopenia is a process in which skeletal muscle mass and strength are gradually declining, resulting a main health challenge for the old adults. Mitochondria can maintain the integrity of structure and function of skeletal muscle by improving biosynthesis, antioxidant defense, fusion/fission dynamics and mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a important factor leading to the complex etiology of sarcopenia. Exercise can regulate mitochondrial quality control pathways by activating mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy to maintain optimal mitochondrial function, thereby delaying and preventing the onset and progression of sarcopenia.
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Sarcopenia is an aging-related disease with a significant reduction in mass and strength of skeletal muscle due to the imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. Autophagy acts as a conserved mechanism regulating the balance of protein metabolism in body and can be regulated by multiple signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin like growth factor (IGF)/ protein kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR induced by exercise. Exercise-activated autophagy regulates skeletal muscle remodeling and homeostasis under different physiological and pathological conditions, which is the key to skeletal muscle health maintenance. This article reviewed the regulator roles and potential molecular mechanisms of varying exercise-induced autophagy in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of sarcopenia.
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Objective To investigate the long-term effects of regular exercise during pregnancy on overweight and obese gravidas. Methods This study was based on a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) regarding Effect of Regular Exercise Commenced in Early Pregnancy on the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women conducted at Peking University First Hospital from December 2014 to July 2016. Totally 265 women whose prepregnant body mass index (BMI) ≥24.0 kg/m2 were enrolled in the RCT and were randomly assigned to exercise group (n=132) and control group (n=133). This study was a follow-up of all the participants at one year after delivery from March 2016 to August 2017. Body weight, body fat, fasting and 2 h glucose level in 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin resistance index and lipid profiles were compared. We also evaluated their physical activities with International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), their dietary habits with modified Adult Dietary Behavior Assessment Scale and depression condition with Postpartum Depression Screen Scale (PDSS). Two independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. ResuLts The overall follow-up rate was 51.7% (137/265), while 64.4% (85/132) in the exercise group and 39.1% (52/133) in the control group. No significant difference in body weight loss [2.3 ( － 6.0 to 5.0) vs 1.0 ( － 1.3 to 4.7) kg], body fat percentage [(38.04±4.54)% vs (37.51±4.90) %], 2 h glucose level in 75 g OGTT [(7.30±2.80) vs (7.32±1.61) mmol/L], abnormal glucose tolerance ratio [30.0% (9/30) vs 28.8% (17/59)] or insulin resistance index (2.92±1.77 vs 2.86±1.92) was found between the control and exercise group (t or Z= － 0.940, 0.312, 3.415, 0.005, 1.743, all P>0.05). However, the fasting blood glucose in 75 g OGTT was higher in the control group [(5.53±0.92) vs (5.28±0.43) mmol/L, t=9.268, P=0.003]. The two groups showed no significant difference (exercise group vs control group) in physical activity level [219 (99-504) vs 195 (99-351)], total score of dietary habits [79.00 (72.50-87.50) vs 76.00 (70.00-82.00)] or PDSS score of depression [55.00 (41.00-77.00) vs 70.00 (46.25-84.75)] at follow-up (Z=－0.808, －1.822, －1.620, all P>0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the level of serum triglyceride [(1.25±1.04) vs (1.42±0.85) mmol/L], total cholesterol [(4.56±0.71) vs (4.40±0.67) mmol/L], high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [(1.32±0.29) vs (1.22±0.21) mmol/L] or low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [(2.67±0.56) vs (2.55±0.52) mmol/L] between the exercise and control group (t=0.001, 0.020, 3.255, 0.303, all P>0.05). ConcLusions Regular exercise during pregnancy has no long-term effect on maternal health in the absence of continuing lifestyle intervention after delivery. Therefore, postpartum follow-up and continued education on healthy lifestyle should be emphasized.
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Cerebrovascular diseases, dementia or cognitive decline, frailty, and fall are common risk factors for adverse health outcomes including long-term care needs among elderly people. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise and physical activity interventions designed to prevent or improve functional outcomes in people with such adverse events. We searched for eligible studies of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis until April 2019. The primary outcomes were stroke, cognitive function, frailty, and fall. This review suggests that interventions targeting exercise and physical activity are effective to prevent stroke and fall in long-term care facilities, have positive influence on cognitive function in elderly people with dementia or cognitive impairment, and are able to prevent or reduce frailty status in frail and pre-frail population. However, future clinical and population-based trials are needed to elucidate the most effective exercise programs (type, intensity, duration, frequency, and environment) in community-based settings to prevent or reduce the risk of each sub-clinical condition.
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Objective To explore the effect of the treadmill exercise intervention on the behavior function and the concentration of dopamine in the striatum of the rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation quiet (Control) group,sham-operation+Exercise (Control + Ex) group,6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) quiet (PD) group,and 6-OHDA+Exercise (PD + Ex) group.PD and PD + Ex groups were injected 6-OH-DA into the right medial forebrain bundle to establish the unilateral PD rat model,while the sham operation groups were injected the same amount of physiological saline at the same site.On the 7th days after modeling,the rats were subcutaneously injected Apo morphine for rotational behavior test to exclude those not meeting the requirements for the PD model.One week after the operation,the exercise group started treadmill training at the speed of 11 m/min,30 min/day and 5 days/week,for a total of four weeks.The locomotor activity of PD rats was evaluated using the open field test.The DA concentration in striatum was detected using micro dialysis high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemistry.The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase positive fiber in the striatum was assessed using the immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the Control group,significant decrease was observed in the moving distance of PD and PD + Ex groups (P＜0.01),while significant increase was found of PD + Ex group compared with PD group after 3 and 4weeks of training (P＜0.01).Compared with the Control group,DA concentration in the striatal decreased significantly in PD and PD + Ex groups,but that of PD + Ex group increased significantly after 3 and 4weeks' training compared with the PD group (P＜0.01).Conclusion There is a highly positive correlation between the total moving distance and the DA concentration in the striatum of PD rats.The moving distance and the DA concentration both have changed "sequentially" with the prolongation of 6-OHDA and exercise intervention.The exercise intervention can reduce the DA loss of the striatum and improve the locomotor function of PD rats.It is presumed that the mechanism may be related to the neuroprotective effect of exercise,which can reduce the damage of 6-OHDA neurotoxin to DA neurons and promote their survival.
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Parkinson disease(PD)is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world.Many PD treatment programs are designed to manage motor symptoms by drug or surgical intervention(such as deep brain stimu-lation).Although these regimens improve the symptoms of PD or slow the development of the disease,certain side effects remain unsolved during the treartment,and lack of neuroprotective strategies is still the main problem.Exercise or physical exercise can reduce the risk of PD,and significantly improve the movement symptoms of PD or slow down the development of the disease through different neurobiological mechanisms.This article intends to review the progress in improving the movement symptoms of PD and the possible mechanism of exercise intervention for PD.
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@#Changes in metabolism after spinal cord injury cause many nutritional problems, leading to an increased incidence of dyslipidemia, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Unreasonable diet structure will promote the occurrence of metabolic abnormalities, induce secondary lesions, and increase mortality in patients with spinal cord injury at early stage. A comprehensive intervention including exercise, diet and dietary supplements is needed .
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Objective To explore the effectiveness of 12-week exercises with different intensities on cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)of rats,so as to provide theoretical evidences for evaluating effective exercise loads.Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a low intensity group(50％ VO2max),a moderate intensity group(65％VO2max),a high intensity group(80％VO2max)and a sedentary group,each of 10.All rats were measured the VO2max after three-day adaptive training,then they were repeated the VO2max test every two weeks on the non-training days and the load of the next two weeks was adjusted according to the test result.The treadmill speed was controlled to maintain the specific exercise intensity of each group in the training period.The rats in the exercise groups were trained 5 days per week and 60 minutes per day.After 12 weeks of exercise intervention,the ultrasonic cardiogram tests were conducted.Results After 12 weeks of exercise,compared with the sedentary group,the average weight of the low and high intensity groups decreased significantly(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).After the 12-week exercise intervention,the average VO2max of the three exercise groups were significantly higher than the sedentary group (P＜0.01).The average CRF of the moderate and high intensity group improved faster,with their peak value at the 6th and 8th week respectively.However,in the low intensity group significant improvement in the average CRF was observed from the 10th week,with the peak value appearing at the 12th week.The average left ventricular internal dimension systole of the high intensity group was lower than the low intensity group(P＜0.05),while the ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening fraction increased significantly (P＜0.05).Conclusions Exercises with different intensity can improve the CRF.However,compared with moderate and high intensity exercise,it requires longer time to improve CRF with low intensity exercise.Only exercise with 80％VO2max can significantly improve the cardiac pumping function.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of alendronate sodium combined with dietary and exercise intervention in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods 88 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients were enrolled and treated with alendronate sodium and Vitamin D combined with dietary and exercise intervention for 12 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumber spine and femur neck were measured before and after the treatment. Results Medication combined with dietary and exercise intervention significantly increased bone mineral density of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients, and the serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BLAP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) were significantly higher than those pre-treatment, with significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared to simple medication treatment, medication combined with dietary and exercise intervention is more effective to enhance medication efficacy and BMD level.
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Objective To explore the optimal exercise way of improving the risk indicators of electrocardiogram (ECG) during exercise.Methods Twenty-four healthy male subjects aged between 40 and 49 years old were divided randomly into a control group (n=9),a low amount exercise group of 1200 kcal/wk (n=7) and a high amount exercise group of 2000 kcal/wk (n=8).The intensity of the exercise groups was 65％～ 80％VO2max training in the standard 400 m track for 12 weeks.The accelerometer and polar watch were worn to monitor the exercise process.During the exercise,the exercise amount was controlled using the distance and duration while the intensity was controlled using target heart rate.The subjects took part in the graded exercise test before and after the exercise intervention.Twelve lead electrocardiograms were used to measure the indicators of ST segment depression and corrected QT interval dispersion (QTcd) during the exercise.Results The exercise intervention did not result in significant change in ST segment depression,while the QTcd indicator in both the exercise groups decreased significantly after the intervention (P＜0.05).Moreover,the decrease of QTcd indicator in the low amount exercise group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05),while the decrease of QTcd indicator in high volume group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.01).No significant differences were found in the ST segment depression among the 3 different groups.Conclusion The Twelve-weeks exercise interventions with intensity of 65％ ～ 80％ VO2max and exercise amount of 1200 kcal/wk and 2000 kcal/wk have no effect on the ST segment depression during the exercise.However,they can result in significant decrease in the QTcd of ECG during exercise,reducing the risk of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia.